Dpo police rank. Overview of Police Ranks.

Dpo police rank A Divisional Police Officer rank is seen as an official representative of the government that must carry out his functions effectively and efficiently. Post title and level: Police Chief of Operations, P-4 Organizational Unit: United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan Duty Station: Juba Reporting to: Deputy Police Commissioner Duration: 12 Month (extendible) Deadline for applications: 10 April 2022 Job opening number: 2022-UNMISS-90898-DPO Promotion of Assistant Sub-Inspectors of Police (Armed) of Gurkha Coys to the rank of Sub-Inspectors of Police (Armed) of Gurkha Coys. Commissioner of Police (CP) See more p e o d o S t s r n 2 4 0 g m 9 2 i t S t i 3 a 0 , h i c a 0 h p f e 7 m 2 u f t e 2 8 0 1 3 1 f 1 3 r h f 5 b 1 e · Dec 9, 2023 · Complete List of Police Ranks in Pakistan Inspector General of Police (IGP): In the hierarchical tapestry of police ranks in Pakistan, the Inspector General of Police (IGP) reigns supreme, holding the highest echelon of authority. 09. Assistant superintendent of police II (1): ₦219,736. The specific titles and duties can vary from one police department to another, but in general, the rankings follow this order, from uniformed officer to highest in command: Finally you can check out that dpo rank in punjab police in above given police ranks in pakistan. of Police (Armed) to the rank of Inspectors of Police (Armed). 1) Inspector General of Police (IGP) IG is the top of the Police Ranks in Pakistan. Detailed Advertisement for recruitment of Sub-Inspector of Police and equivalent rank-2024. DPO in Police commonly refers to Divisional Police Officers, who are responsible for overseeing police operations within a specific division or district, ensuring law enforcement and community safety. com The following details the ranks of the military police, which are also used by the National Public Security Force. This reflects the regimental nature of the police, ensuring an organized chain of command from the Inspector-General of Police (IGP) down to the rank of Constable. Inspector General of Police / Provincial Police Officer. These are Police department are Punjab Police, Sindh Police, Balochistan Police and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police. What Rank is 3 Stars in Nigeria Police? The symbol or insignia for the The Deputy Superintendent of Police is three stars that are vertically arranged. Police ranks in Nigeria, from top […] Sep 8, 2023 · The Nigerian police force ranks and emblems are included here, along with more information about Nigerian Police Ranks. The ranks also help to ensure that the police force is organized and efficient. Only after completing the six months of police academy training and various programs can an officer graduate from the police academy. The Police Service of Pakistan (PSP) replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after Pakistan became independent from the British Raj. This article provides an overview of the various police ranks, from entry-level positions to the top leadership roles. IGP /PPO. The head of each police station is an officer of the rank of inspector, called station house officer (SHO). Assistant superintendent of police II (2): ₦223,254. Every Police Ranks have a Different Salary Rank Grade Strength; 01: IGP: BS-21: 1: 02: DIG: Bs-20: 4: 03: DG Safe City: Bs-20: 1: 04: AIG/SSP: BS-19: 12: 05: SP: Bs-18: 20: 06: ICT Police is a trademark Dec 19, 2024 · Okebugwu Eggbath Chidozie, DPO of Abakaliki Road, Ebonyi. Mar 27, 2023 · In Pakistan Police, DSP stands for Deputy Superintendent of Police. 1. Each rank has specific responsibilities, qualifications, and insignia. […] May 26, 2021 · Police Official Ranks in Pakistan. This blog guides you through the eligibility criteria, application process, and qualifications to help you achieve this rank. O No. The Executive Police has two District Police Offices(DPO). It is one of the most significant positions in the police hierarchy. Prior to independence in 1960, the police in Nigeria had a simple rank structure. Assistant or Deputy Superintendent of Police: May 31, 2020 · The Divisional Police Officer in the Nigerian Police ranks is very important and care should be taken to select who to make a DPO. The Nigerian Police Ranks And Salary 2024 is one of the things many Nigerians are eager to know or read about. It is, however, not a rank; it describes the police officer in charge of a district with the rank of SP or SSP. Oct 17, 2024 · Ranks in Nigeria Police Force are structured to define roles, responsibilities, and powers at every level. Jun 14, 2023 · DPO (Divisional Police Officer) is an officer in charge of a division. 23. Any […] Oct 17, 2024 · The Nigeria Police Force (NPF) is the principal law enforcement agency in Nigeria. Presently, Sayed Husnain Haider PSP is the head of the District Police. See full list on police1. Deputy chiefs are appointed by the commissioner and hold the rank of lieutenant colonel, the second highest rank in the Metropolitan Police Department. You are going to present in terms of reflective way dpo rank in police pakistan. S. Recruits undergo training before becoming Difference between ccpo and CPO in Police interview. Therefore, we just mention the requirements of the DPO in this article for candidates. Police Ranks in Pakistan What is Pakistan Police: Pakistan Rangers, Frontier Corps, Traffic Police, Highway Patrolling Police, Crime Investigation Department, Elite Police, District Police, and special branch. · The apprehension of offenders. 74. Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD) : A specialized unit responsible for investigating and countering terrorism. This simply means that orders, directives, and instructions to carry out the duties with which the Police is carried, flows from the Inspector-General of Police, […] Aug 31, 2024 · [ez-toc] The police ranks in Pakistan reflect a structured hierarchy that is essential for maintaining law and order across the country. Highest rank in the Metropolitan Police Department. Jul 5, 2019 · What is the meaning of DPO in police rank? DPO stands for Divisional Police Officer. Any […] Nov 7, 2023 · Mainly the police department comprises the following departments namely. The Commissioner of Police holds the rank of Colonel and is appointed by director of public safety. The Nigerian Police Ranks and Symbols depict the stage at which the DPO police rank and other Jan 24, 2025 · Are you dreaming of becoming a District Police Officer (DPO) in the Punjab Police? The DPO is responsible for law enforcement in a district. It ensures that authority flows systematically from the top, the Inspector-General of Police (IGP), down to the lowest rank. Jan 22, 2025 · Inspector General of Police (IG) The IG is the highest-ranking officer in the police force. 11 Commissioners of Police were elevated to the A brief overview of district Sargodha Police: The head of district police is called DPO (district police ofiicer) currently Kamran Faisal Sargodha district is divided into 7 Sub Division Police Offices (SDPO office) The SDPO office is headed by the rank of DSP/ASP; Sargodha district is divided further in to 27 Police Stations Police Rank Abbreviation Scale / Grade Constable (BS 05) Head Constable (BS 07) Assistant Sub Inspector ASI (BS 09) Sub Inspector SI BS 14 Inspector (BS 16) Assistant Superintendent of Police / Mar 28, 2018 · History of the Nigerian Police. 2024: Inspectors of Police (Armed) Transfer & Posting in the rank of Inspectors of Police (Armed) of different Battalions/ Establishments. dcp fayoade adegoke dc dci yaba 08033521772 area 'a' command lion building 5. Nov 8, 2024 · The US police ranks differ depending on the department – whether metropolitan, state, or sheriff’s department. Nov 22, 2022 · ASI Rank in Police. 63. P. Every officer begins service at the rank of a recruit officer or probationary police officer. The ranks of the Punjab Police are based on the Pakistan Civil Service (BPS Oct 30, 2024 · The DPO reports directly to the Regional Police Officer or City Police Officer, who reports to the Provincial Police Officer. 2024: Dy. A police division usually comprises a whole LGA (Local Government Area) when it is in a rural area. The head of each Police Station is an Officer of the rank of Inspector, called Station House Officer (SHO). The DPO is crucial in ensuring law enforcement efficiency across their district, managing teams of officers, and coordinating between local authorities. Whereas, in other districts of Gujranwala Region, head of district police is an officer of SP/SSP rank called DPO (District Police Officer). So, we will discuss senior police force ranks in detail. In most cases, a CSP heads a Divisional Police Office. O. ASP DSPASP stands for ASP promotion in Pakistan. 2024. As we all know every province has its own police services like Punjab police Sindh police and other provinces police. /OPMSSB INDICATIVE ADVERTISEMENT RECRUITMENT OF 177* POSTS FOR JUNIOR CLERKS (DPO CADRE) IN ODISHA POLICE The Odisha Police Ministerial Staff Selection Board is going to conduct recruitment for 177* posts in the rank of Junior Clerks in DPO Cadre. 24. DPO Stands For Police. Jul 15, 2020 · DPO is not a rank, but an operational head of a police station in a specific location. Understanding the rank system is essential to grasp how the police force operates, how authority is distributed, and how […] Jun 14, 2023 · Police ranks in Nigeria, from bottom to top: Constable; Corporal; Sergent; Sergent Major (SM) Inspector of Police (IP) DPO salary in Nigeria Police; Police Ranks Jun 15, 2023 · DPO (Divisional Police Officer) is an officer in charge of a division. Constable. The Superintendent of the Maryland State Police holds the rank of colonel. Muhammad Rizwan Ahmed Khan, SS (Tech), CTD Lahore Dpo pakpattan visit@Malikmustafa286dpo police pakpattandpo pakpattandpo policedpo bahawalpurdpo narowaldpo rank in police pakistandpo attocksdpo policesdpo p Dec 27, 2024 · Promotional posting of S. Overview of Police Ranks. He is the Secretary of the Department of State Police and a member of the governor's cabinet. Okereke Joy Onyedikachu, Officer-in-Charge of Servicom in the Enugu State Command. Every rank under the IG takes orders from the DIG. dcp kotangora dc dops 08033046079 4. Rank Badges. A group of Police Stations constitute a Police Sub-division which is supervised by an officer of the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP). Station House Officer (SHO) : The in-charge of a police station. Lower-ranked police officers are identified by their shield numbers, and tax registry number. from publication: Glass-Ceiling and Female Career Advancement: A Study of the Nigeria Police | Despite the remarkable Probationary Police Officer, Recruit Officer. The Regional Police Officers report to the Inspector General of Police, and are not part of the Punjab CPO. The best rank through which to join the Nigeria Police is the commissioned officer level. Majors are appointed by the commissioner. Other ranks included Assistant Superintendent, Inspector, Sergeant, and Constable. Kamran Nawaz Panjutha, DPO Chakwal. Currently, Muzzafarabad , Poonch and Mirpur are three ranges of AJK Police that are being led by DIGP rank police officials. Notification: Dt. Throughout this blog article, we will discuss the various ranks of the Pakistani police force, along with their duties and general pay scales, among other things. Now access the police through just an SMS and the concerned police officers will Yes, a Sub-Divisional Police Officer (SDPO) is typically a higher rank than a Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP). BPS. CCPO vs CPO. Our '8 Steps to Join the Police' guide is designed to help you each step of the way. O. · The preservation of law and order. Abbreviation. Transfers and posting in the rank of Dy. This will help the applicants and uplift their morale to join the Punjab police. Cadet. The Nigerian police ranks and badges depict the relative importance of various jobs and offices within the Nigerian police force. odumosu commissioner 08065668179 2. Mr. Here’s a breakdown of the ranks: Each District Police is led by an officer with a rank of Superintendent of Police who is considered as the District Police Officer (DPO). 1879 saw the formation of a 1,200-member armed paramilitary Hausa Constabulary. Salary: Typically above PKR 300,000. As we mention two other jobs with the name SSP and AIG have equal ranks to the post of DPO in Pakistan. The police ranks in Pakistan are categorized into two main groups: Junior Ranks and Senior Ranks. Nov 3, 2021 · What is DPO in Police Rank? DPO in the Nigerian police rank stands for Divisional Police Officer. Now, let’s look at the salary. dcp bassey samuel ewah dc dfa 08033342628 3. The history of the Nigerian Police dates to 1820. Assistant superintendent of police II (5): ₦233,809. A group of police stations constitute a police sub-division, which is supervised by an officer of the rank of assistant/deputy superintendent of police (ASP/DSP). Superintendent of Police is equivalent to DPO [or CPO (City Police Officer) in smaller districts] and can be a CSP recruit belonging to PSP (Police Service of Pakistan) and can also be a ranker. 823/ Min. Both the SSP's are assisted by their respective ASP's and DySP's. The term DPO stands for in police is District Police Officer in the police force. Assistant or Deputy Superintendent of Police: Rank Abbreviation BPS Rank Badges: Inspector General of Police IGP 22 Additional Inspector General Addl: IG 21 Deputy Inspector General / Regional Police Officer / City Police Officer DIG / RPO / CCPO 20 Senior Superintendent of Police / Assistant Inspector General SSP/AIG 19 Superintendent of Police SP 18 Notice on Final Answer Keys of CBRE for the post of Jr. The lowest rank in the Nigerian Police Force is Constable. Since the organisation of the Police comes under the state subject and is inserted through the 42 nd Amendment of the Constitution of India, the Union Government of India does not have any say in its organisation but the Union Government recruits the IPS Officers who provide the leadership to Jan 8, 2025 · Nigeria Police Ranks. Dera ghazi khan police is subdivided into 18 police stations. The highest rank was the Inspector-General of Police (IGP), followed by Deputy Inspector-General (DIG). Gujranwala Police divided into 30 police stations. Police ranks in Pakistan of Senior ranks are as follow; Inspector General of Police- (IGP/ IG) Also known as the Provincial Police Officer (PPO), it is the highest rank in the police force. Is Nigeria Police Form 2020 2021 Out? Nigeria Police Recruitment 2021 starting date has been announced. Oct 30, 2024 · The DPO reports directly to the Regional Police Officer or City Police Officer, who reports to the Provincial Police Officer. ODISHA POLICE MINISTERIAL STAFF SELECTION BOARD, CUTTACK Date . DPO vs SDPORPO vs A display of the various ranks of the Indian police and their respective uniform at the National Police Memorial and Museum in New Delhi. The first highest ranking officer in all police force was Commissioner-General Colonel KK. DPO Ahmed Mohiuddin Promoted on SSP Rank | DPO Mandi Bahauddin | Open Court trail | Panjab PoliceThe IG Punjab congratulated the officers on their department Go to the office of the District Police Officer (DPO) Rank. A DPO reports to the Area Command which is headed by another senior police officer popularly called Area Commander. Here’s a straightforward breakdown of these ranks from the lowest to the highest: Recruit Constable: This is the entry-level rank for new police officers. The Inspector General of Police is the ex officio secretary of the government of Punjab. SDPOs and Police Stations - Faisalabad . Nov 5, 2024 · The DPO typically holds the rank of a Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) or Superintendent of Police (SP), depending on the size and needs of the district. Dec 7, 2024 · Now that you know of the Nigeria police salary by ranks, if you are eager to join, let us explain how you can do that easily using the Nigeria Police Academy program. Oct 16, 2024 · Police ranks in India follow a hierarchy, with the Director-General of Police (DGP) at the top recruited from UPSC, followed by the State Police Service recruitment from the State Public Service Commission, upper subordinate and the constabulary at the bottom. The District Police Ranks/Provincial Appointments Secretarial/Federal Appointments BPS-17: District Police Officer (DPO) of larger districts like Sukkur, Sargodha, Sialkot. The Nigerian Police Salary is divided according to the rank each person has. However, many divisions are created in one LGA in highly populated urban areas. As a Constable, you are basically an entry-level police officer. Dec 19, 2023 · Nigerian police ranks and salary according to grade. Download scientific diagram | The Rank Structure of the Nigeria Police Force. The position of DPO is an appointment but not a rank. Clerk in DPO Cadre This is the power structure where orders, directives, and instructions are issued. The education require for a person to join the Police department in Pakistan minimum educational experience is matric level for the constable but if you move to the ASP level that is of grade 17 officer then you must have clear your at least Bachelor level Sep 14, 2023 · B. 536/Pers-II: Dt. 2021 NPF recruitment application form is now available for the next batch of 10,000 constables to be recruited into the force. Assistant superintendent of police II (3): ₦226,772. Now we will discuss the different police ranks in Pakistan with their responsibilities. The Punjab Police is staffed by its officers and those of the Police Service of Pakistan. Its structure, duties, and authority are dictated by a formal command hierarchy, in line with constitutional provisions and the Police Act of 1990. That means either attending the Police college and graduating as a Cadet Assistant Dec 21, 2024 · Newly promoted Chief Superintendents of Police and DPO, Iponri Division, CSP Matilda Umiah Ngbaronye . Pakistan Police Force Officers Ranks, Badges, Salary, Pay Scale 2024 Jul 15, 2020 · DPO is not a rank, but an operational head of a police station in a specific location. What is the Lowest Police Rank? The lowest rank in the Nigerian Police is the rank of an Officer. Clerk in DPO Cadre; Notice on Final Answer Keys of CBRE for the post of Sepoys/ Constables in Battalions. Mar 21, 2018 · The Inspector-General of Police In accordance with section 215(2) of the 1999 Constitution, section 6 of the Police Act, 1990, “the Force shall be commanded by the Inspector-General of Police”. So you may see a lower rank acting as a higher post for some Feb 2, 2024 · The Sindh Police plays a vital role in maintaining law and order in the province, and understanding its ranks and salary structure is essential for aspiring candidates. Batala Colony Circle Civil Lines Circle Factory Area Circle Gulberg Circle; SDPO: SDPO: SDPO: SDPO: 041-9330436: 041-9200262: The head of District Police Gujranwala is an officer of SSP rank called CPO (City Police Officer). In the police hierarchy, the SDPO is usually ranked above the DSP and below the Superintendent of Police (SP). IGP is also called a provincial police S # Name & Rank of officer. The Inspector-General of Police (IGP) is the in-charge of the provincial police establishment. Dec 22, 2021 · The above ranks is are the ranks available in the Nigerian Police force. The ranking system plays a vital role in maintaining order, discipline, and efficiency […] Oct 4, 2023 · District Police Officer (DPO), (CPO) or (CCPO): The head of police in a district. No. It is technically not a rank in the police force because an individual here is only a trainee. [13] Aug 4, 2023 · A police recruit is someone who is in the process of becoming a member of the police force. The IGP, a figure of paramount significance, serves as the chief custodian of law and order within a province. The ranks of the Punjab Police are also a symbol of the authority of the police force. Asp protocol in Pakistan. Oct 8, 2024 · Understanding USA police ranks in order helps clarify the hierarchy within law enforcement agencies. 26. Feb 19, 2024 · In This Post, I will tell you about Police Ranks in Pakistan with All Batches & Ranks in KPK, Sindh, Punjab, Balochistan Police Departments in Pakistan. Dec 14, 2021 · Police officers possessing at least a bachelor’s degree from a reputable university, along with a career span of almost 5 years are eligible for such ranks. Units: Anti-Riot Force (ARF) Punjab Safe Cities Authority Recruitment for S. A Deputy Superintendent of Police typically serves as a field officer and may be in charge of a subdivision or assist higher-ranking officers in various law enforcement duties. I. Therefore, here is the updated information about Police Officer Salary in Pakistan with Rank Order. This guide provides a detailed overview of Sindh Police Ranks, their corresponding Basic Pay Scales (BPS), and the salary packages that include various allowances. Are you searching for information about Nigeria Police Ranks and their symbols, Police ranks and salary, DPO Police rank in Nigeria, List of Police ranks and symbols, and additional Information about the Nigeria Police ranks? Nigeria police ranks and symbols, salary structure, logo and code of conduct are the key tone of this post. DPO Leh is headed by an officer of the rank of Senior Superintendent of Police and similarly DPO Kargil is also headed by an officer of the rank of Senior Superintendent of Police. Organisation/ Department. The DPO acts concerning all police activities that take place within his district. Overview of the Evolution of Police Ranks and Structures in Nigeria. dpo’s in lagos state police command s/no rank n a m e department/div teephone 1. It flows down from the Inspector General (IG) through the Deputy Inspector General (DIG) to the State Commissioners and then to the Divisional Police Officers (DPO). . The promotion spree in the Nigeria Police as approved by the Police Service Commission has brought new ranks for many officers and glad tidings into many homes this Yuletide season. 22/21. Police services in India comprises the Indian Police Service (IPS), DANIPS, and Pondicherry Police Service recruited by the central government, along with various State Police Services recruited by state governments. 47 Feb 15, 2024 · Dpo police Salary: Nigeria Police ranks & salary structure, including details about monthly salary & benefits. These all departments have their own sort of tasks. Lieutenants and above do not have shield numbers and are identified by tax registry Jun 14, 2023 · Nigeria Police has 15 ranks, namely: Police ranks in Nigeria, from bottom to top: Symbols of police ranks in Nigeria: Section 4 of the Police Acts and Regulations lists the duties of the police force to include: · The prevention and detection of crime. cp hakeem o. 2024 No. The Punjab Public Service Commission test is the firs The Sindh Police (Urdu: سندھ پولیس, Sindhi: سنڌ پوليس), is a law enforcement agency established in 1843 under a proclamation issued by Sir Charles James Napier, who became the conqueror of the State of Sindh by defeating the forces of the Talpur rulers at the Battle of Miani near Hyderabad on 20 March 1843. The DPO is responsible for Jul 9, 2023 · The Punjab Police ranks are important because they help to define the hierarchy of the police force. Each rank carries specific responsibilities and reflects an officer’s experience and leadership within the force. Therefore, Punjab police play a very important in keeping the law-and-order situation. Punjab Police. Cadets are officers who are still training to become recruit The police service of Pakistan now identifies a new hierarchy including DPO (District Police Officer), CCPO (Capital City Police Officer) etc. · The protection […] Oct 3, 2024 · Below is a detailed overview of police ranks in Pakistan, starting from the entry-level position to the highest rank. They oversee all police operations and implement policies across the province. The Office of Constable is the starting rank for most who join policing. Sep 17, 2024 · Is DPO a rank in the Police Force? DPO stands for District Police Officer. Police Rank Abbreviation Scale / Grade Constable (BS 05) Head Constable (BS 07) Assistant Sub Inspector ASI (BS 09) Sub Inspector SI BS 14 Inspector (BS 16) Assistant Superintendent of Police / Every rank has a different badge design (with the exception of Police Officer and Probationary Police Officer), and upon change in rank officers receive a new badge. There are three officers with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, each overseeing one of the three bureaus within the state police. The service commands and provides leadership to federal, provincial, and territorial police forces. The salary of police constables generally starts at £20,000 - £26,000 depending on force, increasing to £41,000 after 7 years service (or 10 years in Police Scotland). The exact rank structure and titles may vary slightly depending on the country or state. The Nigeria Police Force performed conventional police functions and was responsible for internal security generally; for supporting the prison, immigration, and customs services; and for performing military duties within or outside Nigeria as directed. Dt. 2. The ranks are structured to define clear roles and responsibilities, with corresponding powers. 06. of Police & equivalent rank (CPSE-2024) Notice on Final Answer Keys of CBRE for the post of Driver in PMT Establishment. Dec 26, 2021 · The police force in Pakistan is an organized group of individuals tasked with a variety of responsibilities, including keeping peace and order, detecting and catching criminals, and gathering intelligence. In the 1960s, under the First Republic, these forces were first regionalised and then nationalised. Notice on Final Answer Keys of CBRE for the post of Jr. The ranks are valid for the state military police agencies (such as the Military Police of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro) and are listed, respectively, from higher to lower ranks: [29] Officers All law enforcement organizations have a chain of command with levels of authority that resemble military ranks. Assistant superintendent of police II (4): ₦230,281. It is a mid-to-senior level rank within the police hierarchy. Senior Superintendent of Police (B-19) District Police Officer City Police Officer Director 28 Major Company Commander Brigade Major General Staff Officer – II Instructor Class - C Senior Police (B-18) With more than 8 years of service District Police Officer Deputy Director 28 Superintendent Police (B-18) Oct 17, 2024 · The command structure of the Nigerian Police Force is hierarchical, reflecting the regimental nature of the institution. The IGP Helpline, one of the many public service initiatives undertaken by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police has been launched with the objective of providing a mechanism for prompt redressal of public complaints by ensuring access & respect for all segments of society. 98. This title highlights the structured hierarchy within police departments and their operational divisions. The Nigeria Police Force is hierarchical, with each rank signifying different levels of responsibility, authority, and pay. Police Ranks Abbreviations BPS-07: Constable; FC; BPS-09: DPO, CPO, RPO and PPO are posts, not ranks. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the various police ranks, their respective duties, and how the system operates within Pakistan’s law enforcement agencies. Learn DPO salary in Nigeria. Salary for the post of DPO in Pakistan. Nov 20, 2015 · The Divisional Police Officer, DPO, is the closest Senior officer to the people at the Local Government Area or wherever, and depending on the type of station, some DPOs have well over 100 police Jul 8, 2024 · Police rank in India is a state government subject and is organised within a well-designed hierarchy. zputud guwiko mswfxu tga toqg amako awry fodxl cxptdjty ljxpuxb