Old military swords
Old military swords. $95. It was also called the Last Stand Indian Sword and was often used in battle scenarios and ceremonial practices. Historically, medieval Japan was a warlike place. (2019, January 29). ”. The weapons of an English medieval knight in combat included the long sword, wooden lance with an iron tip, metal -headed mace, battle -axe, and dagger. ( Source) From the 9th to 11th centuries, the Scandinavian Vikings plundered areas across Europe and beyond. Alternatively, head to our Contact Us page and send an email using form provided. Civil War Sword Returns to Kentucky. They also functioned as a support pillar of spiritual culture, 'the very soul of the samurai against the backdrop of the military government. Sword in Hand. FREE delivery Apr 1 - 3. A replica of an ancient Mycenaean short sword – Credits: Numizmat20, Todoleccion. 6. Their attribution to historical characters may be doubtful. $5,900. Create personalized gifts and awards for ceremonies and occasions using our custom sword engraving services. The most common style of sword mounting from this era, shingunto mounts, used machine-made blades for the most part. RM T8MJ7P – A military sword, South German or Austrian, circa 1570 Slender double-edged blade of lenticular cross-section, with narrow fullers on both sides of the upper third. Specializing in antique swords and other European edged weapons of the 15th through the 19th Century, we have an especially fine selection of quality 16th and 17th Century rapiers and broadswords. Murata Tsuneyoshi (1838-1921), a Japanese general who previously made guns, started making what was probably the first mass-produced substitute for traditionally made samurai swords. By the time of the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD) Chinese sword making was perfected. American and Eastern weapons too. Antique Japanese Samurai Sword Wakizashi Certified. +$44. Unlike other swords, the talibong is a two-handed sword with a plain, heavy wooden grip. The US Army NCO Sword is an iconic symbol of the United States military. Below are examples of early 1812 Cavalry, 1826 Naval, and 1818 NCO sword. They were noted for their distinctly Russian-looking mounts which were Swept Hilt Rapier Circa 1600 – this European rapier is on eBay for $5,250. 1. It generally has a double curved blade mounted on a long handle and has an overall length of about 115 centimeters. Over 700 recognizable models/patterns and a gallery consisting of over Identification. . TEMPORARILY OUT OF STOCK. For more than 29 Years, we have been a preferred choice for military swords. We have a gallery of offcial patterns and a vast Database of items (over 50,000 images) that can be searched using physical characteristics that make the identification process as easy as possible. We consider it an honor to have provided valuable services to the military for more than 29 Years. L. Jan 29, 2024 · 5. The shin guntō (新軍刀, new military sword) was a weapon and symbol of rank used by the Imperial Japanese Army, between the years of 1935–1945. The Shamshir is a distinctive Persian sword characterized by its elegantly curved, double-edged blade, creating a unique silhouette. Antique Swords for sale from International Military Antiques, including swords from WWII, WWI, Victorian, U. Which one would you have carried into battle back in the day? 33. Some blades, however, were hand-made, using non-traditional methods. More than 100 years manufacturing Toledo crafts with our exclusive brands MARTO and BERMEJO. Da Capo Press, Incorporated. They represent honor, tradition, and authority. $35. Dec 12, 2022 · Some use the phrase military antiques to label their swords—though many of them may not qualify for the description. Guntō (軍刀) Japanese military swords produced between 1875 and 1945 are referred to as gunto or gendaito. Bayonets & Swords. Artifacts. $97. Such traditionally-made swords are gendaito or kindaito. In A History of the Medieval Sword. Body armor was usually either a short-sleeved mail shirt (byrnie), made up of interlocking iron rings, or a garment of overlapping scales Mar 13, 2023 · A selection of ancient swords, discovered at the Turkish archaeological site of Arslantepe, are believed to be the first and oldest swords in the world. clayandmilitaria07 (1,726) 98. This type of sword was first developed in Europe in the 15th century and Jan 16, 2024 · List of Persian Swords. Sword styles became longer and stronger. Jul 8, 2023 · Sending antique swords to Australia is quick and easy. Oakeshott, E. The history of English swords begins with the Anglo-Saxon broadsword in the early medieval period. Free shipping. Every sword tells a story – Crown Swords offers a fully comprehensive refurbishment service to restore your sword as well as its history. The WWII Japanese army used two primary categories of sword: Guntō (軍刀) and Nihontō (日本刀). It has a rich history that dates back to the 19th century when it was first introduced as a weapon for non-commissioned officers (NCOs). Shamshir: The Elegant Persian Sword. Local Price : £14,995. These were the 1840 Heavy Cavalry Saber (the Old Wristbreaker) and the 1860 Light Cavalry Saber. We have a huge image library of thousands of swords and hundreds of examples of official patterns/models from many different nations. Feb 14, 2023 · The most common long weapons were lances, spears, halberds, and staffs. 399 CAD. European Britain and Ireland SWD-22. Home collection and redelivery services available on request. $4,950. Sku: 500230. Vintage swords are much younger, dating back to the early 20th century, usually from the 1930s to the 1960s, and so on. It is the largest online resource of its type on the Internet and has been successfully assisting collectors identify swords for nearly 10 years. These swords are not pretty, or elegant, but they served their intended field of use admirably. European warriors of the early Middle Ages used both indigenous forms of military equipment and arms and armor derived from late Roman types. During this era, Japanese swordsmiths made significant progress in improving the imported steelworking techniques. Royal Navy Officer's Sword. SALE! Original British East India Company Named Pattern 1796 Naval Officer Saber by Osborn & Gunby - Circa 1810. The sword, symbol of the chivalric code and his War Golok - The Golok is the only sword in the Philippines that does not have a pointy tip;: 34 It inspired others such as the British Army Golok. Totalnavy. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. 1%. Early 19C US American Ketland Eagle Infantry Officer’s Sword – for sale by UK-based dealers of antique swords for £700. (16)16 product ratings - 23" KING ARTHUR EXCALIBUR KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE STEEL SWORD Fantasy. Talibong. F. Curtana, the Sword of Mercy. Beyond these two general categories, swords are described in European countries as rapiers, broadswords, and claymores; in Japan as tachi and katanas; and in China as jian and dao. It is the logical evolution of the model 1734 with better protection and. An alleged fragment of Durendal is located in Rocamadour. (772) 708-0395 [email protected] The Sword Refurbishment Company specialise in the refurbishment, renovation and restoration of old military ceremonial swords and knives. In Fourteen Centuries of War Between Islam and the West. It saw widespread use in all forms of military personnel as it had different shapes and types. During most of that period, the swords were manufactured at the Toyokawa Naval Arsenal . Guard – cruciform, narrowed. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. org and other free online databases. Blade – straight, double-edged. Old Japanese Edo Era Katana Wakizashi Short Sword. 406. The year 1827 ushered in an updated design for the officers’ sabre. Yo-Yo - In the Philippines around 1500, the Yo-Yo was a weapon. Since we know our fighting men ask for and deserve the very best, that’s why we have been chosen by the government to produce the NCO saber for the U. And if you see any mirror work, you can raise the value by another 3 – 5%. Dec 26, 2022 · Kyū Guntō – The Old Military Sword A Kyū guntō made in Kaga Province – Credits: Masamune. 95. German Imperial Era Colorized CDV, Baden Pioneer Bn 14 NCO, Karlsruhe. US M1902 Army Officers Miniature Sword Letter Opener. Viking Sword. We accept GSA credit cards. Feb 1, 2023 · During the American Civil War, military-issued sabers were based on French design featuring a curved, single-edged blade. Jan 13, 2023 · During the Revolutionary War, when George Washington was the commander of the Continental Army, he used this saber in battle and as a highly respected ceremonial blade. Price: $45. Jan 2, 2023 · Swords are no longer the weapon of choice in modern warfare, though some remain primary training weapons in martial arts. Old and unbroken lines, including the Imperial family and shrines, value treasure swords (such as Amenomurakumono tsurugi) as a proof of power. Our swords are the sealed patterns held at the Department of National Defence and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. We have been helping the general public and collectors identify and date arms for over 10 years. Click and use the code 24917 to search for this item on the dealer website Battle of Agincourt, Henry Vth, Knightly Hand and a Half Sword, Also Known as a Bastard Sword, due to It Being A Transition Sword From A Single Handed To A Two Handed Sword. $7,995. Without going too much into history, it's enough to say the priorities of making new Japanese swords for sale have changed over time. Antique Militaria Buyers offers the means to get exactly the kind of sale that you desire. The Chinese spear is known as qiang (枪), a significant weapon in warfare used by the military, militia, and peasant rebels. It has a 37. Officer’s swords embodied their rank and authority. The backsword blade was cheaper to manufacture than a two-edged blade. Nation : British. We can get a sword to you in as little as 3 day s and we handle all the Customs clearance documentation for you. 99. Ibrahim, R. Featuring a double-edged straight blade with a simple hilt consisting of a pommel and a straight crossguard, the Anglo-Saxon sword is a Sabers, or sabres, are curved weapons whose convex, or outside, edges are meant for slashing—picture a soldier in the Civil War riding into battle on a horse. Many unscrupulous dealers dump their rubbish on eBay and Jun 22, 2023 · Swords produced during this era are called koto, meaning old swords. Pre-Owned. Mycenaean Short Sword. We wish to promote the study of antique swords. Trained since childhood and practised at tournaments, the skilled knight could inflict fatal injuries on even an armoured opponent. Price: $20. 4 to 4. These swords are referred to as "Murata-to" and they were used in Check out our antique military swords selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our militaria shops. Handle – straight, curved. The Book of the Sword. Military swords, also known as ceremonial swords, are typically used for formal occasions and symbolic purposes in various branches of the military. Cavalry Swords 5 Pack. Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. This style of mounting was used from 1883 until 1945. These swords are preserved artifacts, or were previously preserved artifacts that are now lost. William Scully Ltd. Although the weapons and the reason for their use changed dramatically throughout these five centuries, a few The term “foyne” (or “foign”) means to thrust straight, as if to stab from a distance by extending the arm and the lead foot. Let’s take a look. From June 1813 to March 1815, these swords were manufactured and supplied in small quantities and were commonly seen during the War of 1812. $19. One of the most infamous swords in German history is the SS-Ehrendegen, or degen. The story of Spanish Toledo swords begins in the city of Toledo The affordable antique Japanese swords for sale on eBay represent the pinnacle of swordsmithing. Get the best deals on Military Bayonet Knife In other Collectible Swords & Sabers when you shop the largest online selection at eBay. The first standard sword of the Japanese military was known as the kyu gunto (旧軍刀, old military sword). Bottom line: This 19th-century sword came from the estate of a military We also buy and appraise medals, canteens, muskat, knives, daggers, and swords, helmets, patches, boots, and soldiers’ war gear. 00. Researching Wilkinson Swords. Local Price : £18500. 102 Antique and Vintage Swords, Knives & Weapons For Sale - priced from £25 to £125000 Bayonet Old Brown Bess Rare. These cutting swords later influenced Roman and Middle Eastern sword designs. The sword is most certainly old and I strongly suspect shinto, the Kyu gunto mounts make it very desirable to gunto collectors Jun 07, 2024 Li TingTing. The site is designed to help collectors identify swords in their collections. Our UK workshop has refurbished Army, Navy and RAF Swords as well as for the UK Ministry of Defence Item #48920. Mar 28, 2023 · 1. You can loosen the integrity of the rust by soaking the steel overnight with oil or a product like WD40 . Dating back to the Early Bronze Age, these 5,000-year-old arsenic-copper swords are part of a cache of nine swords and daggers from the famed Arslantepe mound, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in The term Italian school of swordsmanship is used to describe the Italian style of fencing and edged-weapon combat from the time of the first extant Italian swordsmanship treatise (1409) to the days of classical fencing (up to 1900). As Japanese blades started to acquire curvature, they gradually shifted from a thrusting tool to a slashing weapon. Aug 24, 2022 · With Hitler’s overall goal of turning the German countryside into a vast military encampment, hundreds of different swords were produced to hang at the sides of military, paramilitary, civic, fraternal, welfare and other organizations during the Third Reich. It consisted of a four pound stone attached to a rope about 20 feet long. 1889 Victorian Sergeants' Fighting Sword Rare Brass/ Gilt Hilt (Scabbard Lacking). A comprehensive quote will be returned within 7-days Original Item: Only One Available. In the Battle of the Pyramids, the French defeated the Mamelukes and seized command of Lower Egypt. 29 Add to Bag. Japanese Antique Wakizashi Samurai Sword Katana. Shows a terrible lack of respect for the sword and its history. If you want old, precious swords, pick those over 24 inches long. Cavalry Swords 10 Pack. Swords and sabers played crucial roles for both Union and Confederate soldiers in the Civil War, due to their usefulness in close combat. Buy It Now. Length – 39 to 55 inches (100 to 140 cm) Weight – 2. Their primary weapons were axes and spears, though some carried long, straight, double-edged swords with a rounded tip. the Gendarmerie during the 18th century. $5,600. Royal Navy Officers' Sword. S-shaped marks at the beginning of the fullers and on the ricasso, decorative marks in the form of circular segments and dots on both sides. This sword is legendary for a number of reasons. Jan 16, 2024 · List of Persian Swords. We seldom auction edged weapons. One of the most widely used types of helmet was the Spangenhelm. The inclusion of chromium dioxide prevented swords from developing rust. We have approx 55,000 images of over 6,500 swords. In response to rising nationalism within the armed forces, a new style of sword was designed for the May 3, 2023 · Japanese swords with scabbards, 18th-19th Century – Credits: Wiki Media. The Khanda Sword with its distinct wide blade – Credits: Collections UK. $ 137. 99 Each. Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich wearing dress swords. (1987, July 1). Handle – straight, round pommel. com is our parent Company 132 Prospect Ave, Woodmere, NY 11598 Phone: 718-471-5464 Email click here Fax 718-337-7115 Federal Period ~ Circa 1800 - 1840. Mar 22, 2016 · Related: Old weapon systems still serve the military well » Rich breaks down the swords still used by the military into three categories: cavalry sabers; infantry swords; and cutlasses. S. For an immediate quote, send us a picture of the sword you would like to have refurbished. Oct 21, 2023 · The curved Mameluke sword that Inspired a lot of the French Sabers – Credits: Military Heritage. Over 700 recognizable models/patterns and a gallery consisting of over Cavalry Swords and NCO Swords are available with bulk discounts. For immediate response to all enquiries, and fast and efficient processing of your order using credit card payment over the phone, p lease phone the store on 07 46385565. GSA cards are accepted here. Our military swords category at Buying a Sword includes military sabers, Civil War swords, and other excellent functional swords and decorative blades modeled after weapons used by various Durandal, purported to be the sword of French military leader Roland. Notify Me. Tribesmen used it in two ways. Anglo-Saxon Sword (5th-10th Century AD) Hilt of Early Medieval Sword from Battersea – Credits: Wiki Media. Price: $25. Dec 26, 2022 · They are the most common Japanese military swords from the Second World War. Sword and Scimitar. This meant that the new military sword had a striking resemblance to the classic Samurai sword, most notably a tachi that was common Dec 26, 2022 · Kyū Guntō – The Old Military Sword A Kyū guntō made in Kaga Province – Credits: Masamune. This type of sword had a thickened back to the blade (opposite the cutting edge), which gave the blade strength. $3,995. These blades have a rich history that dates back centuries, and their evolution is a testament to the skill and dedication of the craftsmen who created them. They might be old swords, but not as old as antiques and should be described as vintage swords. $99. The Shamshir, Photo: Royal Armoury via Wikimedia Commons. Most of the records for these sales survive and are accessible through Richard Milner. Badge and Battle Honours of the Northumberland Fusiliers. By Military Trader Oct 9, 2020. This Spanish Society with registered office in Toledo, has collected all the testimony of a sword tradition that had carried the name of Toledo to the most remote places in the world; all the experience and knowledge of more than 100 years of specialized work in the Aug 5, 2009 · Anyone who would take an old Shinto blade in Kyu gunto mounts and part them by selling the koshirae on eBay shouldn't be collecting Japanese swords. Prior to the development of modern firearms, swords served as one of the primary weapons of warfare. Kyu-gunto swords, also called Russo-Japanese swords, were used by Army, Cavalry and Naval officers during the Russo-Japanese War and WW II. We are very proud of the fact that Scully swords have been carried by Canadian Officer’s for over 140 years. Even dagger-like 11-12 inch swords are common, but they cost only up to $500. supplies military carbon steel swords to units across Canada. The old-type Kyū guntō swords are commonly called the Russo-Japanese swords because of their distinct resemblance to the European and American military swords of that time. The Khanda, or Pattisa, is a straight India sword with two sharp edges. Civil War, the Napoleonic Wars, the American Revolutionary War and earlier. The current light, single-edged straight blade was adopted in 1929. Like shin-gunto, a great variety of quality in both blades, traditional and machine made, and mounts is seen in kyu-gunto swords. You can search through scans of many of these on Archive. Sword & Plough is Veteran-owned and works with Veteran-owned or partially veteran-owned American manufacturers to make high quality bags and jewelry from military surplus and military-spec materials. In 1846, a blade was standardised for all Royal Navy Officers. Nov 28, 2022 · The xiphos and kopis were the principal swords of Greek hoplites, though each had its own purpose and advantages on the battlefield. Wasay Axe; Y. WWII 1940 Sheffield Old Reproduction United States Marine Corps USMC Dress Uniform Sword Saber USED. Military & Rapier Swords Sort by Sort by Show 24 36 48 1906 US Cavalry Commemorative Saber Date, new to old } You recently viewed USMC Blackout Combat Tanto Sword with Nylon Sheath - AUS-6 Stainless Steel Tanto Blade, Rubberized Injection Molded Handle, Textured Grip, For Your Battle Gear - Length 27 1/2. Burton, R. These weapons, alongside other discovered military equipment, including leather sandals and a belt, offer a rare and The sword has a 32 ½” long blade with partial fullers and measures 39 ¼” overall. May 6, 2022 · During the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC), sword makers in China experimented with new and improved forging techniques. 4 lbs (1 to 2 kg) 6. The sword’s legend dates back to Oct 22, 2023 · In Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire. These swords often have intricate designs, polished blades, and ornate hilts. Item #56619. The backsword was a single-edged, straight-bladed sword, typically for military use. However, the popularity of cannons and muskets made them impractical in open battles. Collecting, buying and selling military knives, bayonets, swords, daggers, or anything else with a blade and grip will be found in this section. While they may not be used in combat, military swords Your Source for US Ceremonial Military Swords with Over 200 years of Tradition. Cavalry Swords. Jun 07, 2024 Li TingTing. ( Source) A type of executioner’s sword, the talibong has a heavier blade than most Filipino swords. Sep 6, 2023 · Archaeologists working with the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) have uncovered a remarkable cache in the Judean Desert near the Dead Sea: four Roman swords in "almost perfect condition," believed to be about 1,900 years old. 23" KING ARTHUR EXCALIBUR KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND TABLE STEEL SWORD Fantasy. French Grenadier Infantry Sword. The difference from the Kyū guntō is immediately apparent: Japan’s rising nationalism and pride required a return to the old roots. The blade has foliate etched panels and Queen Elizabeth II Crown & ‘ER II’ Royal Cypher. The first Royal Navy pattern sword was created in 1805, its elegant but impractical design being superseded by a solid-hilt design developed in 1827. 50+ bought in past month. 00 $5,995. 75-inch blade which is engraved with the Running Wolf of Solingen. Sep 3, 2019 · Illustrated above-left is an Edwardian sword hilt covered in active rust; illustrated above-right is the same sword after being scrubbed with steel wool and gently polished with Autosol. They were noted for their distinctly Russian-looking mounts which were Nov 28, 2023 · The craftsmanship of Spanish Toledo swords is renowned worldwide for its historical significance and exquisite artistry. OLD SPAIN c 1895 SWORD SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR ROYAL ARTILLERIA DE TOLEDO Army. We work hard to reduce waste, empower veteran employment and give 10% of profits to veteran organizations! Shop today! Aug 12, 2022 · Here are the different types of medieval swords: 1. Swords and Sabers of Toledo, S. Qiang (Spear) Antique Chinese spearhead (19th century) – Mandarin Mansion Antiques. Guard – knuckle. In response to rising nationalism within the armed forces, a new style of sword was designed for the Explore a diverse collection of antique swords at Karlan's Arms. Even if you opt for postal services delivery, perhaps because you want delivery to your PO Box, no problem; International parcel post deliveries have got faster and faster of Dec 19, 2022 · Here are just a few of the most famous swords from military history. It was a hard battle and many lives were lost, mainly because of the fearsome charge of the Mamelukes with their swords. SALE! Original 19th Century Austrian Officer’s Saber made from 17th Century Ottoman Wootz Steel Kilij Scimitar Blade. $359 US. Jun 29, 2023 · June 29, 2023. €146. You can divide katana styles into several periods. Purchase a variety of military swords and cavalry sabers for as little as $99. Privately purchased Wilkinson-made swords from 1854 onward carried serial numbers on the spine of the blade. Price: $389. Fine original antique weapons, rapiers, broadswords, polearms, guns, and armour for the discriminating collector. better quality manufacturing. Marine Corps. This meant that the new military sword had a striking resemblance to the classic Samurai sword, most notably a tachi that was common Oct 14, 2023 · As a one- or two-handed weapon, this kind of medieval sword saw extensive usage in war and medieval Germany’s first forms of duels and fencing. Mar 15, 2022 · Some of the most valuable antique swords are over 600 years old. £ 125. Journey through history with these timeless artifacts that speak of valor and chivalry. Proper hand protection is evident and the weapon is expensive. com. May 22, 2022 · 9) SS-Ehrendegen. Ref: 1366 - WW1 George V (1910-1936) 1897 Pattern Infantry Officers' Sword by Wilkinson. a side branch. We can not begin to tell you how careful you should be if you decide to buy at auction, not least as you have far fewer legal rights and protection than you do if you buy from a known dealer’s web site, like with us of course. $4499. Khanda. Old Sword’s Size. 15 shipping. The blade has areas of staining consistent with age and use. Value: $1,999. VIEW DETAILS. The rapier was conceived as a thrusting sword rather than a “cut and thrust” sword. We are especially proud to bring you the US Coast Guard Officer's Saber government spec dress and drill sabers and swords. Jun 6, 2018 · Article. Made with high-quality materials, this sword has been used by soldiers in various wars, including World War I and II. Carried by RN Commissioned Officers Oct 29, 2021 · The 1827 Pattern Sabre. Nov 30, 2022 · 1. Trending at $32. The first is that it’s part of the British Crown Jewels collection and is used by Kings and Queens of England during coronations and knighting ceremonies. Many modern swords are used in the film industry, stage fencing, and historical re-enactments. 5-In 1750, an official statement required that the cavalry sword will be equipped with. The earliest types might be considered more “thrust and cut. Many lion’s head naval swords had one green and one red glass eye indicating fore Dec 26, 2022 · They are the most common Japanese military swords from the Second World War. Based on the British Army’s 1822 Pattern Sabre, the new sword had a gilt-brass hilt of ‘Gothic’ flair forming a half-basket and presenting an oval cartouche containing a fouled anchor and crown. Himmler awarded many degen swords to officers and statesmen. Military Swords. Used by the Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Australian Navy and a whole host of other Commonwealth navies today, this excellent quality, gold-plated naval sword (including scabbard) is now available at an affordable price. 19th-Century American Eagle Head Officer Pommel Sword. The blade has Wilkinson Sword’s name, Royal appointment and crossed swords legend, it also has etched Madrid, 1852. Others retain their ceremonial roles in the military, often a standard part of an officer’s dress uniform. We are known for providing friendly customer service and our quick assessment ensures that there is no long waiting period. US Post WWII, Japanese Made Krag Bayonet Letter Opener, Pic Brand. Sabres were essential for cavalry soldiers to swiftly unsheathe, wield precisely, and trust as durable in the fray. (2001, January 1). Sword / Militaria Auctions. Item #55009. Jan 11, 2023 · On 11th January 1813, the Commissary General contracted Nathan Starr, the nation’s first sword manufacturer to supply 2,000 noncommissioned officers’ swords. Oct 7, 2023 · So, they are precious, costing up to $2000. 00 $2,995. The sword has long been a symbol of power and status in Japan and has always represented military might on the island nation. Blade – curved, straight. Nathan Starr was the premier sword contractor to the government up until the rise of Ames in the 1830's. hm kf py ux vg bg om hx gz rb