Hebrew demonstrative pronouns pdf. ___ These are delicious cookies.
This table shows which forms are used in Hebrew to express positive and negative commands, wishes, or desires — thus the imperative, jussive, and cohortative. m. →. In terms of reference, it refers to a close noun, a far noun, or a noun that is neither close nor distant. In der Tabelle kan. ; for ת as the May 27, 2023 · Exercise about Demonstrative Pronouns: This, That, these, those. In Hebrew, demonstrative adjectives function in much the same way as they do in English. Demonstrative Pronouns. -. Examples of possessive pronouns include “mine,” “yours,” “his,” “hers,” “theirs,” and “ours. The second and probably most important component is that the demonstrative pronouns in the singular are either male or female Hebrew Paradigm Chart – Strong Verb. The Interrogative Pronoun. BUT demonstrative pronoun always comes before the noun. The Demonstrative Pronoun. See full list on hebrewpod101. (I, me, he, she, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, someone, everybody Reciprocal pronouns - grammar. Demonstrative pronouns. This document provides instruction on demonstrative pronouns in Hebrew. Mar 29, 2024 · Demonstrative Pronoun Definition in Hindi. Jun 15, 2021 · The Demonstrative Pronoun - Wikisource, the free online library. Arrange the board with structures. These children are quiet. It includes objectives, materials, procedures, and an explanation of demonstrative pronouns. those (fp) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like זֶה, זֹאת, הוּא and more. 5. Where did he put these? Used as adjectives: This dog is hungry. Download Worksheet. The set includes both the Hebrew Alphabet and the Hebrew vowel system with a "reading matrix" that shows every letter connected with every vowel. (The pronoun this serves as a noun reference to month. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. personal pronouns and demonstrative-pronouns (henceforth d-pronouns). For masculine singular nouns, the word "ze" is used, for feminine singular it is "zot that (fs) אֵלֶּה. 6. This 9. GRAMMAR WORKSHEET ALL Things Grammar Grammar Focus this that these those Level Intermediate ANSWER KEY My Notes 1. These Grades as percentages 12 / 12 = 100% 11 / 12 = 92 10 / 12 = 83 9 / 12 = 75 8 / 12 = 67 7 / 12 = 58 6 / 12 = 50 Second, these diglossic pronouns can serve a pejorative function, or one that emphasizes or vulgarizes the ordinary. on on on on on THIS THAT THESE THOSE is a cow. Relates to a course in biblical Hebrew that I am creating on Udemy. Those 3. 1/1. Grammar lessons / rules. the Arab. e. Just as the interpretation of ordinary pronouns, on this view, is determined by competition with anaphors, so the interpretation of Demonstrative Pronouns. Second, these diglossic pronouns can serve a pejorative function, or one that emphasizes or vulgarizes the ordinary. שׁיִאָה הֶז This is the man. संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम परिभाषा: जिस सर्वनाम का प्रयोग किसी व्यक्ति, जानवर या वस्तु को प्रदर्शित करने या परिचय देने के Personal pronouns - chart. 286. In particular, notice the similarities between the qal perfect and the personal pronouns in the 2nd person and 1st person forms. A worksheet to revise possessive adjectives, personal pronouns, verb TO BE and demonstrative pronouns. Here, we will learn about Pronouns for Class 4: Definitions, Types, Examples, Worksheet, and PDF. g. They are typically deictic, their meaning depending on a particular frame of reference, and cannot be understood without context. Pronouns - grammar book. The Essential Hebrew Bible Vocabularies: Nouns and verbs occurring 5,500 to 25 times Personal and demonstrative pronouns Inseparable prefixes The Bible’s most common proper names Particles occurring 11,000 to 200 times An alphabetic index containing 1,064 entries coded according to frequency ranking and Strong’s number The printed book’s In some places, it is not immediately clear whether the Hebrew demonstrative pronouns of the זֶה zeh paradigm refer backward (anaphoric) or forward (cataphoric). Using “zeh” (זֶה) for masculine singular entities: זֶה סֵפֶר (zeh sefer) – This is a book. Definition of the pronoun for class 4: A pronoun is a kind of phrase that replaces a noun. It explains that demonstrative pronouns identify specific nouns and that in Hebrew, the words for "this" and "these" change based on the noun's gender and number. Standard resources do not discuss the problem satisfactorily. Use these three easy this, that, these, and those exercises to practice using them Jan 1, 2019 · The following four points emerge from the investigation: (1) The debatable cases are typically discourse deictic pronouns. Here is the paradigm for the "this-these" pair: (Note that the plural form is the same for both genders. 14 According to Allegro and Huehnergard, the Biblical Hebrew near demonstrative pronoun זֶהfunctions like a relative in nine occurrences in the Hebrew Bible, displaying the historical connection between the According to Richards and Schmidt (2010, p. un cards onto the board in a logical way, for example:Then in the space to the right of each sentence ask different students to draw the animals that were used (e. Examples. Whatever - whenever - wherever - whichever - whoever. This 10. Pronoun agreement - handout. In English, a demonstrative pronoun functions as a substantival form of the demonstrative adjective, which you studied in Unit 5. All of these details are covered in this page. Nov 12, 2022 · A 5-minute overview of demonstrative pronouns and adjectives in biblical Hebrew. With Demonstrativpronomen, we can stress and emphasize things. 3 vs. (plural, nearby) That is a tall building. a The demonstrative pronouns are זֶה, fem. 3. Personal, possessive, reflexive. In this article, an exegetical “checklist” is presented as a guideline for determining the meaning of such Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, and those) are pronouns which demonstrate something from the previous sentence. Depending on their grammatical role in the sentence, these words can be For example, the near demonstrative in Biblical Hebrew, זֶה, is related to the old West Semitic relative pronoun. As far as sales are concerned, this has been a better month than the last. Oct 14, 2014 · A Minimalist hypothesis about resumptive pronouns is that they should be no different from ordinary pronouns (McCloskey 2006). Check your grammar: gap fill – this, that, these and those Complete the gaps with the best answer from the box. Article¶ Types¶ There are five categories of pronouns in both Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic. ), they act as the object. 1/2. Objective pronouns. Aramaic Language and Grammar. •Identify and read the. English pronouns - grammar rules. They are only four in number: This, That, These and Those. It's a simple worksheet about demonstrative pronouns with a short exercise. Dec 8, 2022 · Interrogative pronoun. 2 A demonstrative pronoun that refers to something which has been mentioned previously is called anaphoric; a pronoun that refers to what follows is called cataphoric. The paradigm for the demonstrative pronoun is identical with the paradigm for the demonstrative adjective: The first pair (this-these) stands for Find the Demonstrative Pronouns S P S S P S O S O O A. nastavnica1. – A demonstrative pronoun is a noun substitute. Practicing demonstrative pronouns! This worksheet contains a brief explanation of the usage of the demonstrative pronouns (THIS/THESE and THAT/THOSE), as well…. We use the full form with this, these and those. A demonstrative pronoun points to specic people or things. Demonstratives ( abbreviated DEM) are words, such as this and that, used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others. http://pa Mar 17, 2021 · A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that points to a specific noun or noun phrase in a sentence. The feminine form זֹאת has undoubtedly arisen from זָאת, by obscuring of an original â to ô (for זָא = זֶה cf. ). This is my phone. Demonstrative pronouns worksheet. As with the masculine, the هـ which is added to it to form هَذِهِ ‘this’ is basically for attention drawing. Potentially Unclear: The little league baseball team refused to shake hands with the opposing team after a lopsided loss. Worksheets pdf - print. We use this or these with is/are to talk about things or people that are near us. Our database identifies a fundamental difference between Personal and Demonstrative Pronouns. Those 12. Pages in category "Hebrew demonstrative pronouns" This category contains only the following page. This set a bad example for the players on both the losing team and the winning team. –pronominal Since the verb ‘to be’ doesn’t exist in Hebrew, a sentence with a demonstrative pronoun will look like this, ‘this dog’ – ' ֶז בֶלֶכּ ה ' the ‘verb – ‘to be’ is implied, but not expressed. 16939. Pdf exercises, handouts to print, printable resources. This is a lovely painting. In Hebrew, when there are demonstrations such as these, the pronoun is after Apr 28, 2023 · The thing a pronoun represents is called the antecedent; in the demonstrative pronoun example above, the antecedent is the red jacket. This paper compares two Hebrew pronominal classes. ESL Demonstrative Pronouns Worksheet - Vocabulary and Grammar Exercises: Sentence Completion, Binary Choice, Rewriting Sentences, Gap-fill - Pre-intermediate (A2) - 30 minutes. Dec 16, 2023 · Chapter 8e – Pronouns The Use of Demonstrative Pronouns When a Hebrew demonstrative is functioning as a pronoun, it will precede the noun and agree in gender and number but not in definiteness. Demonstrative Polly Lingual is a complete foreign-language platform with interactive lessons, games and video tutors A Demonstrative Pronoun at the Beginning of a Sentence May Lack Clarity. The specific function of a demonstrative particle is to draw attention to whatever immediately follows the particle, either a single word or an entire phrase. Language - choose the correct demonstrative pronoun and be-verb to complete the sentence. They can also be used to show an unspecified quantity in a Demonstrative Pronoun Like Predicate Adjective Both match noun in gender and number. They substitute for different things: – A predicate adjective is a verb substitute. (singular, refers to something nearby) These are lovely paintings. This 4. Demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adjectives. It can substitute for the noun or noun phrase as long as what it represents is clear within the context. Your demonstrative pronouns will be like a big finger pointing backwards to earlier ideas in your paragraph (see figure 2. French pronouns list (PDF) Pronouns play a crucial role in communication by replacing nouns and avoiding repetition. The worksheet is based on this/that and these/those plus 4172 uses. ***According to Practico and Van Pelt Objective: After studying this unit, you should be able to understand the basic grammar of the pronoun in Biblical Hebrew and begin identifying various pronomial phrases and constructions in the Scriptures. **The shaded forms are not quite infrequent as the numbers indicate. 2. In Hebrew, however, the correlation between the gender of a noun and its referrent is generally accidental. ”. for example. ___ That is the biggest horse I ever saw. §136. 1. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar/34. •Learn some basics of identifying. Here is a list of common French pronouns: Subject Pronouns: Je (I) Tu (You (informal singular)) Il (He) The demonstrative adjectives will also match the noun being so modified in number (and, in the case of Hebrew, of course, also they will match the gender). Before providing the biblical evidence, let me note that a pejorative applica-tion of demonstrative pronouns is not unique to biblical Hebrew. Jul 14, 2020 · Demonstrative Pronouns: This-These-That-Those. 6) The distant demonstrative (i. The lesson plan involves defining demonstrative pronouns, providing examples of their use, and having students participate in activities like reading passages and examples aloud. 116. Properties of Pronouns. Start studying Hebrew Demonstrative & Relative Pronouns (Chapter 8). s a/an”, a cow next to “That is. c. To show distance, we can use „dieser“ or „jener“. (singular, refers to something at a distance) Those are tall buildings. Subjective pronouns. For this revised edition the authors present a totally new and updated vocabulary for the lessons and for the appendixes. Biblical Hebrew has only a few demonstrative particles, with the two most common ones being הִנֵּה and הֵ֣ן. given in (I) and (2): (I) a. Jun 15, 2021 · Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1909) by Wilhelm Gesenius, translated by Arthur Ernest Cowley, edited by Emil Kautzsch. This's Kate's bicycle. Remember, these four words can be demonstrative pronouns or adjectives. Worksheets exercises: reflexive pronouns and reciprocal pronouns. this / that / these / those general things physically near us that / those physically at a distance from us On the phone 1. Possessive pronouns can be singular or plural pronouns we have already seen, Hebrew also has pronominal suffixes – that is, pronouns that are appended as a suffix to other words. When writing, you have to use the right type of demonstrative pronoun. The article substantiates this hypothesis with respect to a particular view of pronouns: pronouns are ‘‘elsewhere’’ elements. In this productive demonstrative pronouns worksheet, students practice how to use the pronouns: this, that, these and those. STRONG VERB (all stems), REGULAR NOUNS, NUMBERS 1-10, NOUN with SUFFIXES. mdidomenico. The teacher leads a discussion about what Possessive pronouns are used to show possession or ownership (car, dog, ball, table, and so on) of something, and they replace a noun that would normally indicate possession. a/an”, etc. Liveworksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that the students can do online and send to the teacher. ___ These are delicious cookies. How to use demonstrative pronouns. –yiqtolverb form in a dependent clause. Ceciliahoaiphuong. These are an element of metadiscourse, and they link paragraphs. These 2. 24. 12. (2) a. It is our hope and prayer that the use of this grammar will prove to be a joyful exercise resulting in an understanding of the Hebrew Old Testament. This paper examines the explanations offered for this development over the last 175 years in light of evidence from Late Biblical Hebrew, Palestinian Demonstrative. st du sehen, wann man welches Pronomen gebrauch. 3067. hâ-ḏâ, this, masc. nahe beim Sprecher Signalwörter: here, now weit weg vom. That 11. The four demonstrative pronouns are divided into two categories: singular/plural and near/far. On other words (verbs, prepositions, etc. Fem Pl (Far) Those (f) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like זֶה, זֹאת, אֵ֫לֶּה and more. Also, the gender of some nouns does not match their apparent form (as in נָשִׁים “women Worksheet 2, Demonstratives, This, That, These, Those, 14 ExercisesIn the following senten. 9. This is Kate's bicycle. Grammar worksheets - handouts. The Demonstrative Pronoun. 1830. This PDF is a slightly expanded version of some of Daniel’s work below. In English, when we want to demonstrate something, we add the demonstrative pronoun before it: “ this house”, “ that thing”, “I want these shoes”. these (cp) הֵם. 8. Pronouns - worksheets pdf. f. Personal pronouns - grammar. With multiple exercises from easy level and higher little by little that can help students acquire knowledge step…. This and That are singular demonstrative pronouns and These and Those are plural demonstrative pronouns. For example: “John” is a proper name, “man” is a common noun, and “he” is a pronoun; but all three terms can refer to the same person named “John”. "This " and "these " refer to nearby things, while "that" and "those " talk about things that are far. these / those übersetzt man mit “diese(r)“. The chart is downloadable as a pdf document and available for free from. The number might be singular, dual, or plural. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Moreover, they follow the same basic usage rules for adjectives that you have already learned. These're Tom's books. هَذِهِ is commonly used in spoken and written form of Arabic, but ذِهِ (or ذِه, with sukuun over ه) is still used in some Arabic dialects. Hebrew pronouns that refer to nouns, comparing them to external references. It is a known fact that the Hebrew demonstrative pronouns זֶה zeh / תאֹז zō’t / אֵלֶה ēlleh can refer both backward and forward. Demonstratives: worksheets pdf, handouts, printable exercises. Categories: Hebrew appendices. * The Qal Perfect sufformatives are included for purposes of comparison. Your readers cannot see you point or gesture, so you need to use demonstrative pronouns in a way that reminds them of how your ideas are connected. In this sentence, the demonstrative word this is used as a pronoun. s. שבת shabes 'sabbath' → Hebrew שבתות shaboses, Yiddish שבתים shabosim. The translator cannot continue without deciding this. Demonstrative Pronoun Paradigm. the interrogative pronouns מַה (má) and מִי (mí). Reciprocal pronouns - definition. Genesis 12:11–12. Pronouns: THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE (demonstratives) demonstrative pronouns . Personal and possessive - pdf. Et-ha is currently undergoing fusion and reduction to become ta. Possessive adjectives, demonstrative pronouns, verb TO BE & personal pronouns. Play “All around the classroom”. are understood as nominal expressions whose content is exhausted by grammatical fealUres. Before providing the biblical evidence, let me note that a pejorative appli-cation of demonstrative pronouns is not unique to biblical Hebrew. com Here are some examples to illustrate the usage of demonstrative pronouns in Hebrew sentences: 1. Modern Hebrew is characterized by an asymmetry between definite objects and indefinite objects. Masculine. that 6. the indefinite pronouns מַשֶּׁהוּ (máshehu), מִישֶׁהוּ (míshehu), and so on. 1). Demonstrative pronouns replace nouns, while demonstrative adjectives modify nouns. Jan 3, 2002 · This paper explores the linguistic and technical challenges in creating a typological database for demonstrative and personal pronouns. To complete the worksheet, students must look at the pictures and circle the correct word. Distributive pronouns. Demonstrative pronoun. Singular In Biblical Hebrew ההוא serves as the distal demonstrative pronoun and follows the noun it complements. Jun 20, 2024 · Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like אֲנִי, אַתָּה, אַתְּ and more. ligie23 Hebrew Demonstrative Pronouns. Generally, it is useful for your readers to offer a noun (person, place, thing, or idea) or a noun phrase (a phrase describing a person, place, thing, or idea) following the demonstrative pronoun to make it clear for your Apr 29, 2023 · Taking that approach, Hebrew has a variety of pronouns, including: the demonstrative pronouns זֶה (zé), זֹאת / זוֹ (zót/zó), and so on. Used as pronouns: This is a good idea. 7. These are Tom's books. Pronominals. That's (That is) my dictionary. הוּא = he/it (3ms personal) OR that (ms demonstrative) היא = she/it (3fs personal) OR that (fs demonstrative) הנּה , הן Apr 20, 2019 · Demonstrative Pronouns are used to show or identify one or a number of nouns that may be far or near in distance or time. 0. 4. ) The document outlines a lesson plan about demonstrative pronouns in English. If a noun is dual , its accompanying adjective will be plural. This first worksheet is great for teaching the demonstrative pronouns ‘this’ ‘that’ ‘these’ ‘those’. Subject and object pronouns. Both never have the article. Demonstrative Pronouns are also often used in conjunction with Lokalen Adverbien (Local Adverbs). Students start by completing sentences with Choose a demonstrative pronoun and complete each sentence. (plural, at a distance) J !Exercise 1 Underline each interrogative pronoun An audio supported self-study tutorial with vowels for every Hebrew word, enlightening color charts, and Scriptural examples for every grammar rule! Includes a FREE, full color edition of our "Living Israeli Hebrew" course for those who are just beginning or those who want to refresh their basic Hebrew skills. this 7. Oct 17, 2018 · The basic feminine singular demonstrative noun in Arabic is ذِهِ. A separate chart lists the basic verb patterns for simple verbs in the Present, Past, Future Demonstrative Pronouns. That 8. זֹאת, plur. Hebrew A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew represents a combining of those two grammars. Pronouns - worksheets. Similar to the exhortation particle, demonstrative particles are Demonstrative pronouns and determiners(les pronoms et déterminants démonstratifs) are words that help us to specify which thing or person in a group we are referring to in particular. §8. "This " and "that" are singular, and "these " and "those " are plural. אותו (usually a direct object pronoun) replaces ההוא and precedes the noun it complements. Let's do English ESL general grammar practice. I hope this set of three worksheets with printable PDF files helps you master this, that, these, and those. They can be added to nouns, verbs, direct object markers, and prepositions. Regarding pronouns, this can be a potential Worksheet 1. [1] Consider ten li et ha-séfer "give:2ndPerson. 1. הֵ֫נָּה. A demonstrative pronoun in Arabic can be masculine or feminine in gender. In this respect, demonstratives are words used to indicate the entities referred to and to separate those entities from others. those (mp) הֵנָּה. 2. Take your grammar in for a quick service with our printable demonstrative pronouns worksheets with answers for kids in grade 1, and grade 2! Demonstrative pronouns are pronouns used in place of a noun/noun phrase and refer to distance in time or space in relation to the speaker. ___ I saw you do that. We use _____ to explain what we are talking about. Using “zot” (זֹאת) for feminine singular entities: זֹאת פֶּרַח (zot perach) – This is a flower. Practice making sentences using different nouns, both singular and plural, and different genders. For the records, we quote one Rocine Lesson 13. (2 Demonstrative pronouns are placed before the noun they refer to and must match the gender and number of the noun. In Mishnaic Hebrew two shifts occur. Summary. lo. –demonstrative pronouns. From subject pronouns to object pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and more, we will list the various types of pronouns in French. a cat next to “Th. Personal pronouns. 3. b Rem. Near Distance Arabic Demonstrative Pronouns. In Bibical Hebrew, adjectives match the noun they describe in gender ( masculine or feminine ) and number ( singular or plural ). An emphatic form can represent the vocative (“O, King nstrative pronouns – this / that, these / thoseDie Demonstrativpronomen this / that un. 1) is a Aug 18, 2014 · Demonstrative pronouns. We can use a short form with that. Like the nouns they take the place of, pronouns have certain properties: Gender. In ancient Greek, for example, we find the demonstrative pronoun for "this/that" used in Not all words of Hebrew origin form their plurals in the same way they do in Hebrew: in particular, Hebrew feminine nouns ending in -ת tend to become masculine in Yiddish, and take the -im plural suffix, avoiding the uneuphonic ending *-ses: e. Logos Bible Software. However, there are some exceptions to this rule. UNIT SIX CONTENTS. , “that” and “those”) has the same spelling as the third-person independent personal pronoun. In French, the demonstratives are ce, cet, celui-ci,celui-là and their variations. It’s important to practice using the correct demonstrative pronouns in context to become more familiar with their usage. The Hebrew Essentials Chart and Audio CD Set can help solidify your grasp on Hebrew grammar and reading. Write an S on the blank line before the sentence if the demonstrative pronoun is singular and a P if it is plural. Sep 8, 2021 · School subject: English language (1061957) Main content: Demonstrative pronouns (2010900) Hebrew Culture, History and Heritage Web Resources in Hebrew Home » Hebrew Premium » Hebrew Study Materials and Learning Resources » HEBREW GRAMMAR » Demonstrative Pronoun Apr 6, 2021 · The א in זֹאת is not pronounced. Hebrew Demonstrative Paradigms. You may use this, that, ese, or those as an adjective (fo. MsZoka. If we cannot determine the Gender, we use „das“. This is just like the predicative use of adjectives. s, clarify the idea that the demonstrative pronoun this refers to. There is an accusative marker, et, only before a definite object (mostly a definite noun or personal name). Example. As a predicate adjective: • Comes after the noun • • Must agree in gender, number, and definiteness: aOhh1 vya3h2. Masculine; This هَذَا 1. We use „der“, „die“, „das“ and their declined versions. –Qal weqatalverb form. While there are many common roots, plurals and constructs in BA look very different from BH. Predicate Adjective Demonstrative Pronoun In academic writing, demonstrative pronouns have a special job. Goals. 161) a demonstrative is “a word (a pronoun or a determiner) which refers to something in terms of whether it is near to or distant from the speaker”. That 5. DIRECTIONS: Underline the demonstrative pronoun in each sentence. §34. There are four demonstrative pronouns in English: this, these The demonstrative pronouns are this, that, these, and those. Usually, Hebrew makes no distinction between “this” and “that”. Gender is a property that indicates the sex of the referrent (masculine or feminine). Biblical Hebrew (BH) and Biblical Aramaic (BA) share many words in common, and more with slight differences in vocalization (vowel pointing) or in single letters. 268. On nouns, they act as a genitive pronoun, showing possession. תאֹז וֹתְּשִּא וּרְמָאְו ךְָתֹא וּאְרִּי־יִּכ הָיָהְו רֶמאֹֹּ֫יַו. In ancient Greek, for example, we find the demonstrative pronoun for "this/that" used in Demonstratives and Independent Personal Pronouns 8 Overlap (§8. School subject: English as a Second Language (ESL) (1061958) Main content: This-These-That-Those (1869230) An audio supported self-study tutorial with vowels for every Hebrew word, enlightening color charts, and Scriptural examples for every grammar rule! Includes a FREE, full color edition of our "Living Israeli Hebrew" course for those who are just beginning or those who want to refresh their basic Hebrew skills. DEMONSTRATIVES PRONOUNS: REVIEW AND ACTIVITIES (Pronomes demonstrativos: revisão e exercícios) TO REMEMBER (para lembrar): THIS: usamos quando é apenas um objeto (ou seja, o singular) e ele está perto de nós; THAT: usamos quando é apenas um objeto (ou seja, o singular) e ele está longe de nós; THESE: usamos quando é mais que um objeto . The Hebrew demonstrative pronouns and adjectives are: A pronoun is a word that indirectly refers to a person or a thing. Added are the full participle paradigms and the second variation of the Hophal stem. to dm fg ey nq jz zx xu xe hl
