Should you bite a child back. Place an ice pack on the skin to reduce swelling.

The bite will again be irrigated in the medical setting. If your puppy bites you, you need to ignore the behavior and remove *yourself* from the interaction, with no drama. Feb 28, 2020 · This is one of the main steps you must take when a dog bites your child, because filing a complaint with your local animal control department will help ensure that your municipality begins taking the necessary measures to protect your community from further attacks. The bite appears infected. A tick bite does not cause pain or itch. swollen lymph node. the bite smells unpleasant. Feb 9, 2024 · Discourage thumb-sucking and pacifier use by age 3. According to Seattle Children’s Hospital, if a scorpion stings a child You develop flu-like symptoms, such as a fever, body aches or joint pain. The bite will have an immediate reaction, forming a small itchy bump surrounded by a red halo. Look for the Cause. This will not teach them not to bite. Kids see attention and energy as a reward Speak to your GP practice: If you’ve been in an area where you could have been bitten by a tick and you have: a pink or red rash. But biting after age 3 may be a sign that a child has problems with self-control or expressing feelings. But this is not OK. If he’s frustrated because of communication, help him learn to use simple signs and offer choices to make communication easier. From 15 to 36 months of age, children may bite when they are frustrated or want power or control over another person. Some dog bites can seem minor on the surface but can cause deeper injuries to muscle, bone, and nerves. Offer comfort to the hurt child to let them know you care, apologize to the other parent, and discuss the incident with your child to reinforce the message that biting is unacceptable behavior. If you are using a clicker for training, have your child be a part of the fun by teaching your kid how to train your dog, too. Jun 30, 2020 · Apply ice to the sting site to help with pain and swelling. Ticks fall off on their own after sucking blood for 3 to 6 days. Sign #4: Stiff Body Language. Applying antibiotic ointment if available — this may decrease the risk of infection. Nov 29, 2022 · 2. Jun 1, 2018 · The following actions can be helpful in changing the behavior of a child that bites: Speak to your child – explain that this behavior is not acceptable. In many cases, putting a cold compress on the bite helps. Viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Tooth wear. Feb 26, 2021 · Try this: "No! We can bite apples or sandwiches, but we never bite people!" Never bite a child back. Nov 9, 2023 · If your child experiences a dog bite, here’s how to treat it at home: [2] Wash the area well. Buckle in. ”. If your child has recently been bitten by a bug and is experiencing any of these symptoms, seek medical attention right away. A vertical chewing pattern (an up-and-down opening and closing of the mouth) will begin to develop first. Less often, they bite their caregivers. Control the bleeding. Though an insurer may refuse to cover some breeds, a successful claim should cover your child's medical bills and protect the dog owner from paying out-of-pocket. The article also says a bite will break the skin once every eight to 10 weeks. Remain calm and relaxed. Jun 2, 2022 · Put simply, biting is a way in which your child conveys their feelings or needs. Many horses will nibble at their owner's skin or clothing. They also cannot survive more than 24 hours off a human scalp. Nov 10, 2021 · The decision to euthanize your dog for behavioral reasons is not easy. 2. Never bite a child back to punish or show him how it feels to be bitten. Due to the high number of bacteria in the mouth, a human bite can lead to serious infection. Never Tolerate Biting. May 19, 2016 · The physical and functional impairment of a child can be significant after a bite wound from a dog. Biting a child sends the message that using violence is an acceptable behavior that can be used to solve problems. D. Tell your child to bite this object not people. It can quickly teach your dog that their behavior is unacceptable. If necessary, notify the owner of the dog attack. If at all possible, take a photo of the snake that bit the child so it can be identified. The lump may look red. 6 F and no warmer Nov 9, 2023 · Try adding in a daytime nap, and/or adding a third meal if your pup is only eating twice a day. Your child has red dots on the ankles and wrists, which is a sign of Rocky Mountain Fever, another tick-borne disease. Sign #1: Growling. They bite only when you brush up against the plants they're Nov 9, 2023 · The black widow is a type of spider with a shiny black body. Notify the Dog Owner. Mark the edge of the swelling and pain, make a list of your symptoms, and repeat every 30 minutes or so. Biting in young children usually does not lead to behavior problems at a later age. The rabies vaccine will be injected into the arm or thigh, depending on the age of your child. The main sign of having a crossbite is that upper teeth fit behind your lower teeth when your mouth is Jun 6, 2023 · Signs of Lyme disease — Whether or not a clinician is consulted after a tick bite, the person who was bitten (or the parents, if a child was bitten) should observe the area of the bite for expanding redness, which would suggest the characteristic “erythema migrans” rash of Lyme disease . you were bitten by a person. And if the itching is really bothersome, over-the-counter medications, like diphenhydramine (Benadryl), may help. 1. pain or Jul 5, 2024 · In the weeks following a tick bite, you may start to feel flu-like symptoms such as a fever, headache, chills, fatigue, and muscle and joint pain. “Biting was his way of setting boundaries. The injuries also carry a high rate of infection. Your child has muscle aches, joint pain or a headache. Tell the medical provider where and when the dog bit your child. Don't bite your child for biting someone else. This report will help verify the details of the dog bite incident, which is Jul 14, 2023 · For a wood tick: With tweezers held sideways, grab the tick on its head as close to the skin as possible (without pinching your child). How to treat a bee sting on a child. Make sure the person that your child bit is OK. Never crush a tick with your fingers. Jun 21, 2022 · One example where phase 1 treatment would be needed for a deep bite is if the development of your child’s jaw causes a narrow airway and results in obstructive sleep apnea or snoring. Apr 20, 2022 · Symptoms from the venom should start to go away to get better within 2 or 3 days, whereas infections, although rare, typically start to show signs roughly 48 hours after being stung. Countless children between the ages of 1 and 3 go through a biting phase, which they eventually outgrow. If you think a black widow bit you, seek medical care right away. Do Not Allow Nibbling. Keep gently pulling until the tick releases its grip. Once you have a good grip on the tick, gently pull straight upward (avoiding twisting or crushing the tick). Your doctor will let you know if your child needs antibiotics to prevent a dog bite from becoming infected. the bite is hot or swollen (it may also be painful, red or darker than the surrounding skin) you have a high temperature. Apr 14, 2023 · The bites don't hurt, and once you remove a tick, your child may have a painless red spot that goes away after a few days. Look into the child’s eyes and say calmly but firmly, “I do not like it when you bite people. If your toddler is 2 years old, he would stay in time out for 2 minutes. Be careful not to give too much attention to your child so that you do not give any negative reinforcement for the bad behavior. Oct 18, 2023 · Myofunctional Therapy. Normal muscle movements in your tongue and lips—like when you swallow—can move your teeth and influence how they bite together. Move him away from the person he's bitten, and give him a quiet moment to calm down. People can be allergic to ticks in rare cases and may react to the bite. Jan 18, 2024 · The Pros of Biting Your Dog Back. "Parents should keep calm and try to keep the child calm as well," Dr. Avoid taking any sort of sedative. Other complications may include damage to the muscles, tendons, or joints. When your cheek tissue isn’t inflamed and protruding from repetitive biting, it heals and the tissue is no longer in your bite path. Mar 3, 2022 · Take small steps when introducing dogs back into the life of a child that was bit by a dog. If a child has a bite there is an alternative first-choice antibiotic called co-trimoxazole, but the other antibiotics used are the same. While most parents may assume their child will then get stitches, this isn't always the case. fluid is leaking from the bite. After feeding on blood, ticks get swollen and easier to see. Oct 11, 2021 · Your child has flu-like symptoms including fever, headache, fatigue and vomiting. According to the Insurance Information Institute, homeowners and renters insurance typically cover dog bites. While the chances are minimal and most probably the new owner is not as well equipped in handling the dog as you will, it still can work. For a child with more limited language Dec 30, 2014 · Biting Child. As the back teeth are coming together more often, the wear can lead to discomfort and other dental problems Jun 18, 2024 · What Should You Do if Your Child Bites Another Child? If your child bites another child, it’s essential to address the situation calmly and promptly. “The best thing to do is to find and administer an EpiPen if one Many children bite. a wound that discharges pus. The time it takes a tongue laceration to heal varies depending on the severity of the injury. In fact, if your child tends to be aggressive, avoid all physical punishment, such as spanking. Rare causes of hives include: Exercise. Stay calm. Feng says. a temperature of 38°C (100. Gin would use an orthodontic appliance to guide jaw growth and fix the excessive overbite. Speak With an Attorney About Your Dog Bites Child Claim Mar 3, 2022 · Other potential causes of urticaria in children include: Infections, like the common cold or strep throat. Biting occurs in a variety of situations, most often when many children are together, such as at a day care center. Stopping the bleeding by putting pressure on the wound with a clean cloth until it stops. 5. Place an ice pack on the skin to reduce swelling. The two mothers run to the sandbox where Jimmy has just bitten the other child's hand. Your child should have their first dental visit by age 1 or when their first tooth comes in. Depth. Circle the site of the bite with sharpie and write the time next to it. ). Keep alternating back and forth for 10-minute increments. Don Make eating (even snacking) a sit-down affair. ” Tell the child what they can bite (food, teether, etc. Apr 11, 2024 · The best option you have to eliminate cheek bite damage is to give your mouth time to recover between bites. It can prevent your dog from becoming aggressive towards other dogs or people. Myofunctional therapy can help re-train your tongue on how to swallow correctly, allowing your open bite treatment to be more effective. Headache. Jul 10, 2023 · Promptly remove the stinger if it’s sticking out of their skin. Apr 14, 2021 · In fact, in a typical daycare setting with 60 full-time kids, there will probably be about one biting episode per day, according to estimates published in an article about baby and toddler biting in the Paediatrics & Child Health journal. Use soap and water to wash off the wound and clean the blood. Have your kids get involved in different ways other than hugs and kisses and playing dress-up. "Immediately call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Alston and Dr. Make it clear that biting is wrong, but avoid lengthy explanations until your child is old enough to understand. Your child has a bull's-eye-shaped or circular red rash near the bite. Insect bites or stings. Signs of a severe allergic reaction to a bug bite may include: Nausea. Ahead, we’ll give you ideas on how to do exactly that. Feb 25, 2021 · Calmly redirect your child to a different method of communication. Dec 13, 2022 · If you are on the scene when your child bites, your reaction needs to be quick and levelheaded. They can only crawl, and as a result, most Feb 23, 2024 · Most spider bites aren’t medical emergencies and will get better in a couple of days. You can call 111 or get help from 111 online. Usually they bite other children. Credit: Mar 7, 2024 · These items can be very difficult to remove once swelling has occurred, so exercise some foresight and remove them right away. Wash the area to reduce the risk of infection. It Sep 4, 2020 · 2. Horrified and embarrassed, Jimmy's mom scolds him, apologizes profusely and hurries Mar 27, 2024 · Washing the wound with mild soap and warm water for 10 to 15 minutes — if the wound is very dirty, you should spend more time on this step. Jun 28, 2023 · Cat bites/scratches: A bite or scratch from a cat can easily become infected, particularly if it happens near a joint or on the hand. Thus, you should examine the bite to determine what actually bit your child. Nov 22, 2022 · You can also call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 if you have any questions, including non-urgent ones. Some animals may have to be captured, confined, and observed for rabies. She won't understand her parent's aggression and is likely just to be scared without learning anything. For a nip that’s just a small scratch or scrape, clean the skin with soap and water, then rinse well for at least five minutes. It only teaches her that biting is acceptable behavior. Most infants and young children bite once in a while. If there’s blood, apply gentle pressure to the area until it stops. Horses are mutual groomers, and I have had many horses attempt to groom me back. Always put your baby or toddler in a car seat to prevent injuries to the mouth or other parts of the body. you were bitten on your hands or feet. The action should get very little attention. If necessary, give the child basic first-aid – run the bitten area under warm tap water and put on a plaster. Dog bites: A bite from a dog also can become infected and may require antibiotics if the bite has broken the skin. Locate the dog owner, if you aren’t already familiar with your neighbor. This option is viable to a new homeowner who knows the dog’s history and is willing to apply for the behavioral change program. Experts strongly recommend against biting your child back. It may be more difficult to see on black or brown skin, but you should be able to feel it. Reactions from radiation therapy. Place either a Grabber or Y-Chew in between the molar area and assist the jaw to open and close. Get advice on tick bites, including how to prevent Mar 31, 2023 · How to Keep a Horse From Biting. ) when they engage in the appropriate behavior. Use your voice and expression to show that biting is not acceptable. After the tick comes off, a little red bump may be seen. As a general rule, your child should stay in time out about 1 minute for each year of his age. If you catch your child biting, use a firm "no" to stop the behavior, or try to stop the child before the biting actually happens. The experience of being attacked by a dog is often emotionally traumatic for a child and a family. Flea bites most often occur on the legs and feet, although they can also appear elsewhere if the victim was sitting or laying down. You just picked up your toddler from child care or from a play date and you have just been informed that your child has bitten another child. The water should be comfortable to the touch on skin that isn't frostbitten. The first most important thing to remember is that biting back, or shaming the child never works. If the toddler’s tired, encourage the family to make sure he gets a good nap or move to an earlier bedtime. Mar 15, 2021 · Here are some lice facts you need to know: Lice do not spread easily. Some think biting a toddler back will teach him not to bite From 8 to 14 months of age, children may bite when they are excited. This allows their dentist to spot any potential oral health issues early on. Only give your child direct acknowledgment (eye contact, etc. Ringworm of the scalp and body (tinea corporis) are the most common type of ringworm in children. Jul 5, 2023 · Some parents think they should lightly bite a child’s arm to show them it hurts. Next, shift your focus and attention to the child or person who was bit. Elmaraghy says that dogs rarely bite without reason; oftentimes a bite happens when they're ill or feeling threatened. Approximately 80 percent of people with Lyme Jul 13, 2023 · According to Dr. So, ticks may not be noticed for a few days. To prevent bacterial infection, use an antibiotic. Remember to keep your child’s age and maturity level in mind when choosing your words. Kids may learn that biting is OK if they feel upset. A female black widow spider bite can be dangerous. Also avoid “love bites,” since Feb 20, 2024 · Johns breaks down the four criteria that the doctors will use to assess your child's bite: Size. Apply The main symptoms of an insect bite or sting are: pain where you were bitten or stung. Don't bite your child in a playful When your child bites, it is best to firmly, but gently enforce the limit. May 3, 2024 · Itchy skin. Never administer HRIG and the first dose of rabies vaccine into the same anatomical site. Sep 7, 2023 · Human bites are more dangerous than they appear. Unfortunately, I have seen this behavior in response to biting from an early years educator. Reinforce a “no biting” rule at all times. Place your child in a quiet spot where you can still see him. Use time-out if your child bites, or take away a favorite toy or activity. Feb 8, 2024 · If your child is bitten by a dangerous dog, you should: Call 9-1-1 immediately if the dog bites happen and injuries are severe or take the dog bite victim to an emergency room yourself if you can. Sometimes the bites are not even visible and yet other times the bites are blue and black, depending on how long your child latched on before someone intervened. ” They are simply a child exhibiting a behavior that is telling you something. Ticks are small, spider-like creatures. Dizziness. Most children stop biting on their own. Your child will typically need to take antibiotics following a cat bite. Take cues from the child about when they are ready to interact with animals again. However, it is important to note that this method should only be used in certain situations and with caution. Temporary and Long-Term Cheek Biting Solutions Aug 18, 2017 · If your child feels the urge to bite, you can give her something safe to bite such as a squishy toy or a washcloth. In addition, ensure your child has had a tetanus shot in the last five years. Location. Then, take action with the following steps. "Dogs tend to be provoked into biting," he says. Plus, it can be hard to see the situation clearly when fear, guilt, anger, and other understandable emotions are at play. other flu-like symptoms, like a headache or joint pain. Take your child to the dentist regularly. Jul 5, 2019 · Make sure to apply an antiseptic solution to cleanse the wound and keep it bandaged until it heals. Never bite back. If the bite is bleeding and the wound appears to be deep, call your child Dec 11, 2017 · Most victims of dog bite injuries are children, and the dog is usually known to the child and the family. The red bump or spot is the body's response to the tick's saliva (spit). Once the victim is calm, deal with the biter. Address your child with a firm "no biting!" or "biting hurts!" Keep it simple and easy for a toddler to understand. Severe swelling. Signs Your Child Was Bitten By a Flea. One study found that facial bites predominated (70 percent) in children up to 7 years old, and bites to extremities occurred in 72 percent of children older than 7 years. Usually a bite is harmless and may not even leave a mark. Jan 25, 2020 · Positive Play: Things Kids Should Do with Dogs. Vaccination status of the dog. Jacobs, these symptoms include headaches, nausea, difficulty breathing, swelling and chest pain. Separate the biter from the other children. Respond quickly and calmly to the incident. Remaining as calm as possible will help The rabies immune globulin, disease-battling antibodies, is injected into the skin around the bite. The next time your child bites, try these steps: Step 1: Be calm and firm. Young children bite for various reasons ~ from teething to seeing what reaction it will provoke. May 15, 2018 · An open bite can prevent you from properly biting and chewing food. Acknowledge your child’s feelings when he feels the urge to bite. Biting a child back may reinforce the biting behavior. Try these 5 ideas for managing your child's behavior and keeping everyone safe. Jan 31, 2019 · Step #2: When Dogs Bite, It’s Because They’re Anxious, and Scared, and Just Acting on the Need to Protect. Jun 3, 2024 · Intervene immediately between the child who bit and the bitten child. Showing concern and sympathy has two important effects: Your child is not getting your Sep 18, 2023 · It’s very rare to have a sever allergic reaction to a bug bite. Each bite, hit, or kick should get the kiddo taken out of the action right away — removed from the game, the fun, the friend, etc. Feng encourages parents to stay as calm as possible. Jan 3, 2024 · Put the frostbitten area in warm (not hot) water. Note: if you don’t have tweezers, you can use Apr 22, 2014 · Strategies: Do your best to understand the reason for the bite, then help the family make changes based on it. But there are some situations when you should get medical help for a spider bite. Longer timeouts are not effective for young children. The rash often appears red on lighter skin, and brown, purple, or gray on darker skin. Do not pretend to bite your child or let your child bite you in play. Try to stay calm. During phase 1 orthodontic treatment, Dr. " You should have your child lie down and raise the Jun 26, 2018 · Depending on the location of the bite, you might have injury to a joint or tendon. Report the animal attack to the police (and call your local animal control, if the dogs are roaming free without the dog owners around). If you cannot remove the mouth easily with tweezers, leave it alone and let the skin heal. Give away or re-home. Once your child receives the vaccine, it will stimulate their body to make its own antibodies against rabies infection. Braces & Headgear. However, if the bite is intense and severe, take the injured to the hospital for further examination by an expert. Yes, it is upsetting to the child that is bitten and yes, it makes adults angry, but biting is a normal part of childhood development. Dispose of a live tick by putting it in alcohol Mar 3, 2021 · Avoid labeling a child as a “biter. Jun 1, 2020 · Takeaway. Three ways to prevent tick bites. Vomiting. (Avon, 1994). A crossbite is a dental condition that affects the way your teeth are aligned. Never bite a child back. If you are concerned about symptoms or a rash, take a picture of the rash and contact your physician. Minor lacerations can heal quickly, whereas severe injuries may take several weeks to heal Rabies Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) includes wound washing, human rabies immune globulin (HRIG), and a four-dose series of vaccines. Also, do not wash out her mouth with soap, pinch her cheek, or slap her mouth. Jun 11, 2024 · If this happens, remove the mouth-parts with tweezers. While rare, rabies and other kinds of infections from dogs like bacterial infections can happen and should be treated right away. Children need to know it is OK to be angry or frustrated, but it is NOT OK to bite. Hair loss. Jeffers says that when Harrison, Benny’s older brother, grabbed toys away, Benny’s “teeth came out. [2] Then, leave it off for 10 minutes. What To Do If A Dog Bites: 10 Warning Signs That Dogs Are About To Bite. Red, flaky, cracked skin. Wasp stings can really swell up and hurt, but an ice pack can really help! Wrap an ice pack in a cloth and press it on the area for 10 minutes. Share your feelings and the feelings of the injured child. Most often they bite a caregiver or another child close to them. Use the word ‘bite’ as you are directing the jaw to close on the tool being used. Jimmy's mom is having a pleasant conversation with another parent in the playground when a child's scream pierces the air. It is advisable to eat soft foods Oct 31, 2020 · Aftercare. That involves way too much time, talking, and attention to be an effective Feb 16, 2023 · Wisconsin. Clean the wound and place ice or a cold cloth on it. To reduce the blood flow, elevate the injured area. Most minor dog A bite or scratch on a child's face, hand, or foot is particularly at risk for infection and should be checked by your doctor as soon as possible. Console and soothe the child who was bitten. a small, swollen lump on the skin. You develop a rash, and the rash gets bigger or is shaped like a bullseye. At the first sign that your child is about to become aggressive, immediately step in and remove him from the situation. Once you've removed the stinger, wash the area with soap and water. Note: You are not putting your puppy in a time out. Apply a bandage to the injury. After removing the tick, thoroughly clean the bite area and your hands with rubbing alcohol or soap and water. Some people also develop a distinctive "bullseye Feb 22, 2012 · Try having the child feed you. Even little teeth can break the skin. 3. Dog bite injuries can be extremely serious and disfiguring. Say something like “Biting hurts. There may be a mark on your skin where you were bitten or stung. Oct 19, 2023 · Most heal quickly, within a few days or a week, but if a person needs stitches or a doctor has re-attached a piece of the tongue, the recovery will take longer. Give the child plenty of comfort and sympathy. Ask the dog owner for their name, address, and phone number. It is important not to refer to the child as a “biter. "It's not a thing that Dec 21, 2020 · If you already have an infection you will need to take the medicine for five days but if the medicine is being used to prevent infection, three days of treatment should be enough. If your child was bitten or scratched by an unfamiliar or wild animal, note the location of the animal. If you suspect that your child was bitten by a brown recluse spider or black widow spider, or is having a severe allergic reaction to the bite, you should call 911 or go to the emergency room right away. ” “I think he got tired of being pushed around,” Jeffers says of her youngest. Do not bite. Have your child help with clicker training. If you have a tick bite, watch for an expanding red rash or lesion at the site of the tick bite or an unexplained feverish, achy, fatiguing illness within 1 to 4 weeks after the tick bite. Females have a red hourglass marking on their bellies. Jun 19, 2019 · Dr. Adapted from Toddlers and Preschoolers by Lawrence Kutner, Ph. Your child’s dentist or pediatrician can give you recommendations to help with this. This can take some time, so prepare to be patient. More toxin gets released the longer it stays in, which can worsen symptoms. Too much attention can include trying to “talk through” the problem. Lice cannot jump. Explain in simple language that biting hurts and is not okay. A bite from a female releases a toxic venom that attacks your nerve endings, causing severe muscle aches and pains. People with a confirmed or suspected immune disorder require a fifth dose of vaccine and serological confirmation that . This teaches your child that biting is still acceptable. Serve smaller portions of food, so your little one doesn't try to jam too much food in his mouth at once (and bite down accidentally on his tongue or cheek). JOIN MY FREE REACTIVITY WEBCLASS. For example, if your child usually hits you to get your attention, you can instead instruct them to tap you on the arm and say “excuse me”. Symptoms of infection include: redness, swelling, and heat around the wound. 2 In a study that looked at motivations for biting, children less than 6 Dec 9, 2022 · A Homeowners Insurance Claim Can Protect Both Bite Victim and Dog Owner . Ticks are often found in areas with tall grass, bushes, and lots of trees. Give her other ways to handle frustration. Nov 29, 2022 · The first thing to do for any biting injury is to wash the area with soap and water. Dec 14, 2015 · Why Some Children Bite and What to Do About It. Ibrahim or Dr. 4°F) or above. One bite rule for first bite Penalty between $50 and $500 if the dog injures a person, domestic animal, property, deer, game birds, or the nests or eggs of game birds Strict liability When your child is old enough to understand, teach them that biting hurts and can be dangerous to them and to the person they bite. Do not bite your child back if they bite. Tight-fitting clothes. Biting back will make your child upset that you hurt her and may teach her that it is OK to bite if you are bigger. If he's bitten another child, check how severe the bite is. Exposure to cold or heat. Sign #2: Snapping. Ring-shaped rash. Sign #3: Baring Teeth. The adult should say something like “No biting! Feb 27, 2019 · Requesting and Receiving Care For the Tick Bite. Stay calm don’t overreact, yell or give a lengthy explanation. ” Negative labels can affect how you view your child, and even affect the child’s feelings about him- or herself. Ideally, use water that's at body temperature -- 98. Care for them first, offering first aid, a band-aid, or whatever the person needs. It can establish you as the alpha of the pack. Signs of infection may include redness, swelling, warmth, pain, and pus drainage. ny gg tc wv qp ul ol xs oq qf